Biomineralization of phototrophic microbes in silica-enriched hot springs in South China

Microbial mats in two hot springs in South China were sampled for the research of mineralization of microbes and its mechanism by the methods of geology and modern biology. The results show that hot spring microbes have the key capability for enrichment of Si, Al, Fe, Ca and other elements, and the microbes are also crucial for the formation of SiO2, CaCO3, clay and so on. The extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) play important roles in the process of mineralization of hot spring microbes, which mainly takes place in the layer of EPS outside cell wall or sheath of cyanobacteria. The sheath outside cell wall, which keeps the normal metabolism of cyanobacteria during the process of mineralization on its surface, is also considerable for the biomineralization of cyanobacteria. According to structure and mineralization characteristics of two microbial mats, the process of mineralization can be divided into three stages, namely, early surface mineralization, middle degradation mineralization, and late des- quamation of mineral. The above conclusions are significant for comprehension of the process of mineralization, the process of deposition and the preservation of microfossil in modern and ancient extreme environments.     

微生物絮凝剂的应用研究

以处理高岭土悬浊液和池底污泥配制成的废液为基础,测定了其絮凝性,得出各种废水的最佳处理条件,探讨了金属阳离子对微生物絮凝性的影响。     

绿僵菌菌剂中试生产基地建设

介绍了国内外绿僵菌资源的开发现状以及山西省在绿僵菌研究方面所做的工作,阐述了绿僵菌菌剂中试生产基地建设项目的计划目标、主要研究内容、实施年限、经费预算、必要的支撑条件、组织措施及实施方案。     

脱硅渣改性制取长效硅钾肥工艺的最佳反应条件

脱硅渣改性制取长效硅钾肥工艺是一个比较典型的多工序、多因素的复杂工艺，为了确定该工艺的最佳反应条件，针对多工序、多因素复杂工艺的实验设计和数据处理进行了方法研究和探讨，采用正交实验设计与神经网络相结合的方法对数据进行回归和弥补，较好地解决了复杂工艺的机理分析繁杂和实验次数过多、费用高昂等主要问题．用该方法确定出工艺反应条件的最佳取值是：硅钾肥中氧化钾的质量分数为20％；制取温度为1400℃；保温时间为15min．     

无烟粉煤催化气化碱渣煅烧脱碱制取硅肥

静态条件下研究了福建8种无烟粉煤催化气化后的含碱灰渣添加助剂煅烧脱碱后制取硅肥的可行性.结果表明:添加5%高岭土在870℃煅烧30~40 min,各煤种灰渣脱碱率接近100%,脱碱后的灰渣有效溶出量均超过20%;采用XRD及SEM对煅烧后的灰渣进行表征,揭示了助剂煅烧脱碱生成硅肥过程的实质,即在适宜煅烧温度下,助剂中被活化的主要物质SiO2(形成玻璃网络氧化物)、Al2O3(修饰中间氧化物)和灰渣中熔融并分解的Na2CO3(分解为修饰网络氧化物Na2O)等发生化学反应生成难溶于水而易溶于植物根系分泌有机酸的枸溶性硅酸盐,在煅烧脱碱的同时得到硅肥,实现了含碱灰渣煅烧脱碱无害化与资源化.     

Microbial communities in microcosm soils treated with battery waste

Battery waste is one of the most destructive hazards to our environment,especially to the soil.In order to understand the effects of the battery waste on the microbial communities in soil,microcosm soils were treated with the powder made from the battery waste.Microbial biomass and respiration were measured after 15,30,45,and 60 days of the treatment,and catabolic capability and Bi- olog profile were determined after 60 days.Microbial biomass was declined by all treatments,while microbial respiration and catabolic ca- pability were enhanced.Although microbial biomass recovered after a period of incubation,microbial respiratory quotient,catabolic capa- bility and community structure remained significantly affected.Our results also suggest that microbial respiratory quotient and Biolog pa- rameters are more sensitive than microbial biomass to the battery stress on bioavailability.     

产絮凝剂双菌复合发酵体系的研究以及在水处理中的应用

从土壤和活性污泥中筛选到三株絮凝剂产生菌,将其进行双菌混合培养的正交试验,构建出了比单一菌所产絮凝剂絮凝活性更高的复合菌群LH,通过16SrRNA序列分析,初步判定二菌分别为Micrococcus sp.和Paenibacill usvelaei菌.对其性质的初步研究发现,复合菌LH所产絮凝剂MBF-LH为胞外代谢产物,其热稳定性好.LH产絮凝剂的最适碳源、最适培养温度、最适pH值和通气量分别为蔗糖、30℃、pH8和120r/min恒温振荡培养.培养基中添加KCl、CaSO4、K2HPO4能明显提高发酵液絮凝率.絮凝剂MBF-LH处理废水时具有用量少、絮凝率高的特点.     

微生物生态学研究进展——第十一届国际微生物生态学大会综述

第11届国际微生物生态学会于2006年8月在奥地利维也纳召开。此次会议以“隐藏的力量——行动中的微生物群落”为主题,特邀了当今世界在微生物生态学领域最为著名的科学家作专题报告,内容广博,反映了当今微生物生态学研究的发展动向。本文简要介绍了第十一届国际微生物生态学大会的概况和部分演讲摘要。     

异Vc钠制药废渣、浓残液实验分析与综合利用探讨

随着制药工业的发展,制药废物的产量迅速增加,组分也越来越复杂,而当前对制药废物的组分分析以及综合利用的研究相对较少,这样既给环境带来污染,也是资源的浪费.本文对某生物化工厂生产异Vc钠的未发酵残渣和高浓度制药废水的浓缩液进行了分析测定.根据有机-无机复混肥国家标准,提出了利用微生物菌剂,与鸡粪混合发酵生产有机-无机复混肥的方案,为制药废物的综合利用提供了新的途径.     

微生物对地表水中石油类污染物的降解研究

针对当前地表水油污染具有面积、低浓度的特点，应用筛选高效降油微生物除油。试验结果表明，投加除油混合菌群，适当充氧，经２４ｈ处理，水中石油类污染物去除率达９０％以上。同时对不同种类油污染物的降解进行了初步研究。